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A Discussion Of Ethical Dilemma Of Photo Journalism And Reporters
The Los Angeles Times reporter once spent three months devoted to taking photos the lives of drug-addicted mothers. They witnessed dozens of episodes of child abuse. Although they were shocked by what they saw and heard, they did not interfere. They have either made any effort to stop the abuse or report it to the authorities. Those children spent at least 4 months in the abused environment before they were found by officials. Their behavior makes some people angry. Some people accused the reporter. Faced with public condemnation, a reporter from the Los Angeles Times said they followed a traditional news rule. The above facts deeply hinted that reporters’ photo often encountered the same crime in the reporting process. There is a dilemma whether the photo should faithfully record news or respects the conscience.
There are deep reasons for the emergence of moral dilemmas. The reporter is a professional reporter on the one hand. Professional ethics requires that they truly document news events with a neutral, objective, and side-by-side attitude. In today’s Western society, news reporter should be an observer who is not biased towards neutrality. Almost a consensus has been reached. The professional ethics guidelines of all countries have also placed journalists’ professional responsibilities on faithfully recording news in a prominent position. On the other hand, the reporter is one part of society. An ordinary social person is living in a living environment and must abide by social order and pay attention to public morals. Professional responsibility requires reporters to faithfully record news, and to do this, sometimes it is necessary to suppress their sympathy and love, even for the sake of seeking the truth and have to lie or even deceive others. They will encounter the conscience of condemnation and moral dilemma that social morality brings to reporters.This kind of dilemma arises from the collision of journalists’ professional ethics and social morality. Also if they want to solve the professional ethics of journalism, it needs to further clarify the connotation of professional ethics in journalism seeking solutions to problems.
The important characteristics of the professional ethics of journalism is faithful recording of news and dedication to the public interest. The major theme of dilemma is the conflict between professional obligations and ethical responsibilities( Amend, Kay, & Reilly, 2012, p.235). Journalists are faithful recorders of news facts. The reporter do not whitewash the phenomenon of society. The vocation of the reporter is asking them to present clear and innocent news aid facts. They serve as witnesses to the news, as statements of the first draft of history. Its basic duty is to let the public know. From this point of view, the reporter has always had a side view of his identity, instead of disturbing the person who happened the incident. This is not only reflected in negative news such as exposure, etc. even in some neutral social news. The reporter is an observer of the news, instead of parties and players. However, the reporter’s social responsibility is to seek public interest for the public. The role of the journalist is the disseminator of news information, and it is also a social worker who serves the public. The lofty goal of serving the public interest has made it impossible for journalists to regard recording news faithfully as their sole responsibility. In fact, faithful recording of news has deteriorated due to the misuse of journalists as a result of the demand for benefits and the desire to make money. Also, these behaviors have caused the public’s skepticism and distrust of journalists. If reporters want to win the trust of the public, they should have a sense of social responsibility. The so-called sense of responsibility means that reporters’ reports are not only for interviewers, the interviewing department or the legal department, and it is responsible for the entire society. It serves the public, that is, the interests of the broad masses of the people. Then people can draw a conclusion: journalism ethics is about reporters who are faithful journalists. The reporter should have a sense of social responsibility, and serve the public interest. It is decided that reporters couldn’t offer what they wanted to report on the truth and record news. Instead, it should be based on the public interest as the starting point and foothold for news reporting. The great power of the journalists’ faithful records should be used to benefit the public interest and exercise the duties of the public spokesman. It can be seen from this. The professional ethics of the reporter and the social morality are not incompatible with each other. The journalism professional ethics serve the public and strengthens the sense of social responsibility. There is a point of convergence with social ethics. This meeting point is public interest.
In addition, the public interest is supposed to be a compass that leads reporters out of moral dilemma. The basic question editors should ask themselves is what is more important: the interest of society, or the interest of the publication(Preez, 1994, p.117). Since the public interest is the decisive point for journalists’ professional ethics and social morality, then it should naturally be the way to solve the moral dilemma faced by reporters in faithfully recording news. When journalists professional responsibilities of faithfully recording news is in conflict with social public morality, journalists should be measured by the public interest standards, proceeding from social welfare, and strive to achieve maximum social benefits. Faithful records can achieve good communication effect. It is helpful to promote the realization of social public interests. There is no doubt that the reporter should faithfully record. If faithfully recording news can only serve to tell people what is happening, and can even satisfy the curiosity and low-level tastes of some audiences at the cost of individual unnecessary harm, such news event reporters have full control over the need to faithful recording. Take an photojournalist taking pictures of abused children as an example, if his motivation for photographing is to use news photos to reach the relevant department as soon as possible to solve the problem so as to avoid more abuse, then his behavior is understandable. However, if the reporter takes pictures with the purpose to obtain photos that have strong visual impact and attract the attention of the audience in order to gain personal interests, his behavior should undoubtedly be spurned by the public.
As mentioned above, the moral dilemma faced by news reporters in faithfully recording news is rooted in the collision of journalism ethics and social ethics. The moral dilemma of faithfully recording the news and serving the public is just like a viper, are entangling many journalists’ minds . Photo journalists themselves are struggling with professional responsibility and moral conscience, and be at a loss. Therefore. It is no longer a purely theoretical issue to clarify the contradiction between journalism professional morality and social prosperity. It is also a major issue that is closely linked with journalistic practice. Serving the public interest is the common requirement of journalist ethics and social morality given to journalists. Public interest is the compass that leads journalists out of moral dilemmas.
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